• GROUND RUPTURE

Deformation on the ground that marks, the intersection of the fault with the earth’s surface. Effects of ground rupture are fissuring, displacement of the ground due to movement of the fault.

 

• GROUND SHAKING

Disruptive up, down and sideways vibration of the ground during an earthquake. Effects of ground shaking are damage or collapse of structure; may consequently cause hazards such as liquefaction and landslide.

 

• LIQUEFACTION

Phenomenon wherein sediments, especially near bodies of water, behave like liquid similar to a quicksand. Effects of liquefaction are sinking and/ or tilting of structure above it; sandboil; fissuring.

 

• EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED LANDSLIDE

Down slope movement of rocks, solid and other debris commonly triggered by strong shaking. Effects of earthquake-induced landslide are erosion; burial and blockage of roads and rivers.

 

• TSUNAMI

Series of waves caused commonly by an earthquake under the sea. Effects of tsunami are flooding; coastal erosion; drowning of people and damage to properties.